英语数词核心知识点与举例

发布日期:2025-08-07 13:09    点击次数:171

英语数词用于表示数量或顺序,是精确表达不可或缺的部分,分为基数词(表数量)和序数词(表顺序)。

核心知识点与举例

基数词 (Cardinal Numbers):表示数量“多少”

基础构成:

0-12: 有独立单词:

zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve

13-19: 以 -teen 结尾:

thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen (注意 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 的拼写变化)

20-90 (整十): 以 -ty 结尾:twenty, thirty, forty (注意拼写), fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety

21-99 (非整十): 十位数 + 连字符 - + 个位数:twenty-one (21), thirty-five (35), ninety-nine (99)

百位及以上:

百:a hundred / one hundred (100)

千:a thousand / one thousand (1,000)

百万:a million / one million (1,000,000)

十亿:a billion / one billion (1,000,000,000 - 美式;1,000,000,000,000 - 英式,现代英语美式用法更普遍)

表达方式:数字 + 单位 (+ and) + 剩余数字。and 在英式英语中常用于连接百位和十位/个位,美式英语常省略。

例:

205:two hundred and five (英式) / two hundred five (美式)

1, 486:one thousand, four hundred and eighty-six

3, 000, 000:three million

序数词 (Ordinal Numbers):表示顺序“第几”

基础构成 (1-3 特殊): first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)

4-19: 基数词 + -th:fourth (4th), fifth (5th - 注意 five 去 e), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th - 注意 eight 只加 h), ninth (9th - 注意 nine 去 e), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th - 注意 twelve -> twelf + th), thirteenth (13th)... nineteenth (19th)

20-90 (整十): 将基数词词尾 y 变 i + eth:twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th), fortieth (40th), fiftieth (50th)... ninetieth (90th)

21-99 (非整十): 十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词:twenty-first (21st), thirty-fifth (35th), ninety-ninth (99th)

百位及以上: 仅最后一位用序数词,前面用基数词:one hundred and first (101st), two thousand and twenty-fifth (2025th)

数词的其他重要应用

分数 (Fractions):

分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子>1时,分母序数词加 s。

例: 1/3:one third; 2/5:two fifths; 1/2:a/one half (特殊); 1/4:a/one quarter 或 a/one fourth

带分数:整数 + and + 分数:3 1/2:three and a half

小数 (Decimals): 小数点读作 point,小数点后数字单个读出,0 读作 zero 或 oh。

例: 0.5:zero point five; 3.14:three point one four; 9.05:nine point zero five / nine point oh five

百分数 (Percentages): 数字 + percent (单复数同形)

例: 25%:twenty-five percent; 100%:one hundred percent

倍数 (Multiples):

... times as + 形容词/副词原级 + as ...:This room is three times as large as that one.

... times + 形容词/副词比较级 + than ...:This room is three times larger than that one. (注意:此结构有时易产生歧义,第一种更清晰)

... times + the + 名词 (size/length/width/amount等) + of ...:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

数量约数:

dozen (一打,12):two dozen eggs (两打蛋,24个); dozens of eggs (几十个蛋,强调多)

score (二十):three score years (60年 - 较文雅或古旧用法)

hundred, thousand, million, billion:

前有具体数字时,不加 s:three hundred students (300名学生)

表示概数“成百上千/成千上万”时,用复数形式 + of:hundreds of students (数百名学生), thousands of birds (成千上万的鸟)

算式 (Arithmetic):

加法:5 + 3 = 8:Five plus three is/equals eight. 或 Five and three make eight.

减法:10 - 4 = 6:Ten minus four is/equals six. 或 Four from ten leaves six.

乘法:6 × 7 = 42:Six times seven is/equals forty-two. 或 Six multiplied by seven is forty-two.

除法:20 ÷ 5 = 4:Twenty divided by five is/equals four. 或 Five into twenty goes four (times).

年龄:

He is ten (years old). (他10岁。years old 常可省略)

a ten-year-old boy (一个10岁的男孩 - 注意用连字符连接时,year 用单数)

年份:

通常两位两位读:1999:nineteen ninety-nine

2000年:the year two thousand

2001年:two thousand and one

2010年:twenty ten 或 two thousand and ten

1905年:nineteen oh five

日期:

月份 + the + 序数词:May (the) first / 1st May (5月1日) - 书写时 the 可省略,读时常保留。

on May 1st, 2024 (在2024年5月1日)

时刻:

直接读数字 (小时+分钟):8:15:eight fifteen

分钟 <= 30 用 past:8:15:(a) quarter past eight

分钟 > 30 用 to (下一个钟点):8:45:(a) quarter to nine

30 分可用 half past:8:30:half past eight

整点用 o'clock:8:00:eight o'clock

区分上下午:8:15 a.m. (上午八点十五), 8:15 p.m. (晚上八点十五)

本站仅提供存储服务,所有内容均由用户发布,如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击举报。